Communication-based train control, or CBTC, is a system under development that will allow for the interchangeability of different technological systems in use on various metro lines. CBTC can be understood as an attempt to create an ERTMS type standard for the mass transit industry.

Computer-based interlocking, or CBI, is an interlocking system where the traditional wired networks of relays are replaced by software logic running on special-purpose fail-safe control hardware. The fact that the logic is implemented by software rather than hard-wired circuitry greatly facilitates the ability to make modifications when needed by reprogramming rather than rewiring.

Automatic train supervision, or ATS, is an ATC subsystem which operates to control trains automatically by means of ATO and ATP, in accordance with the railway timetable. This also involves a CTC system.

[fusion_builder_container type="flex" hundred_percent="no" equal_height_columns="no" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" background_position="center center" background_repeat="no-repeat" fade="no" background_parallax="none" parallax_speed="0.3" video_aspect_ratio="16:9" video_loop="yes" video_mute="yes" border_style="solid"][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type="1_1" layout="1_1" background_position="left top" border_style="solid" border_position="all" spacing="yes" background_repeat="no-repeat" margin_top="0px" margin_bottom="0px" animation_speed="0.3" animation_direction="left" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" center_content="no" last="true" hover_type="none" min_height="" link="" background_blend_mode="overlay" first="true"][fusion_text columns="" column_min_width="" column_spacing="" rule_style="" rule_size="" rule_color="" hue="" saturation="" lightness="" alpha="" user_select="" awb-switch-editor-focus="" content_alignment_medium="" content_alignment_small="" content_alignment="" hide_on_mobile="small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility" sticky_display="normal,sticky" class="" id="" margin_top="" margin_right="" margin_bottom="" margin_left="" fusion_font_family_text_font="" fusion_font_variant_text_font="" font_size="" line_height="" letter_spacing="" text_transform="" text_color="" animation_type="" animation_direction="left" animation_color="" animation_speed="0.3" animation_delay="0" animation_offset="" logics=""] Automatic train protection, or ATP, is an ATC subsystem responsible for the safe operation of a signaling system. It imposes speed limits on trains, both to maintain a safe operating distance between them and to comply with safety and speed requirements. The ATP system is designed to be a fail-safe (vital) system. [/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]

Automatic train operation, or ATO, is an ATC subsystem which performs on-board, non-vital functions normally performed by a train driver, including ensuring a smooth acceleration of the train to the running speed, speed regulation and smoothly stopping the train at the proper position at station platforms or in front of stopping signals. ATO subsystems are primarily located on-board and represent one of the principal components of a driverless system. Additionally, ATO subsystems report vehicle health status to the central control offices.

ATC, is an integrated signalling system that guarantees the secure movement of trains. ATC integrates various subsystems positioned on-board and wayside. In addition to a full interlocking system, a complete ATC system consists of three subsystems: (i) ATP, (ii) ATO and (iii) ATS.

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